Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a form of natural gas, primarily composed of methane (CH4) with some ethane (C2H6), that has been converted into a liquid state for easier and safer storage and transportation without the need for pressurization. The process of liquefaction dramatically reduces its volume, making it occupy only about 1/600th of the space it would take in its gaseous form under standard temperature and pressure conditions. This significant reduction in volume is what allows LNG to be efficiently stored and transported over long distances, especially where pipelines are not feasible.
LNG is a highly practical fuel source due to its physical properties; it is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. However, there are associated hazards, particularly when LNG reverts to its gaseous state. Upon vaporization, LNG becomes flammable and can pose risks of freezing and asphyxiation if not handled properly. These safety considerations are crucial in the handling and use of LNG in various applications.
Additionally, in the context of sales and purchase agreements, it is critical that the LNG conforms to the specified quality and composition. Any gas that does not meet the agreed-upon specifications is classified as “off-specification” (off-spec) or “off-quality” gas or LNG. Such deviations can have significant implications for its usage and commercial value.